--- title: Heat Transfer and Flow Applications | Inno description: Measure heat flow at surfaces and interfaces with gSKIN® heat flux sensors, to understand heat direction, identify losses, and validate thermal performance. --- [Skip to content](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/heat-transfer-applications#main-content) [![inno_logo_positiv_rgb](https://info.greenteg.com/hs-fs/hubfs/inno_logo_positiv_rgb.png?width=125&height=46&name=inno_logo_positiv_rgb.png)](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology?hsLang=en) - [Home](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology) - Products Show submenu for Products - [gSKIN®-XM](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xm) - [gSKIN®-XP](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xp) - [gSKIN®-XI](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xi) - [gSKIN®-XO](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xo) - [Applications](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/applications) Show submenu for Applications - [Battery Calorimetry Applications](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/battery-applications) - [Material Characterization Applications](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/material-characterization-applications) - [Heat Transfer and Flow Applications](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/heat-transfer-applications) - [Energy and Extreme Environment Applications](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/energy-and-extreme-environment-applications) - About Show submenu for About - [Contact Us](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/contact-us) - [Team](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/team) - [FAQs](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/faqs) - Downloads Show submenu for Downloads - [Downloads](https://info.greenteg.com/-downloads) Open main navigation Close main navigation - [Home](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology) - Products Show submenu for Products - [gSKIN®-XM](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xm) - [gSKIN®-XP](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xp) - [gSKIN®-XI](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xi) - [gSKIN®-XO](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xo) - [Applications](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/applications) Show submenu for Applications - [Battery Calorimetry Applications](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/battery-applications) - [Material Characterization Applications](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/material-characterization-applications) - [Heat Transfer and Flow Applications](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/heat-transfer-applications) - [Energy and Extreme Environment Applications](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/energy-and-extreme-environment-applications) - About Show submenu for About - [Contact Us](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/contact-us) - [Team](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/team) - [FAQs](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/faqs) - Downloads Show submenu for Downloads - [Downloads](https://info.greenteg.com/-downloads) - [Order Now](https://shop.greenteg.com/r-d/r-d-sensors/) [Order Now](https://shop.greenteg.com/r-d/r-d-sensors/) APPLICATIONS # Measuring Heat Transfer and Flow with gSKIN® Discover how gSKIN® heat flux sensing technology can effectively measure heat transfer and heat flow, and its added value over regular temperature sensors.  [Shop Now!](https://shop.greenteg.com/r-d/r-d-sensors/) ![photo-1623265174130-3de7fa152349-1](https://info.greenteg.com/hubfs/photo-1623265174130-3de7fa152349-1.avif "photo-1623265174130-3de7fa152349-1") ## The challenges of heat transfer and flow measurements.  Measuring heat transfer can be challenging as heat does not stay in one place. It moves through surfaces, layers, and interfaces, often changing direction and intensity. Temperature sensors only show the temperature at a single point, making it hard to understand how heat is actually moving through a system.  To truly understand thermal behavior, we must know how much heat is flowing, and in which direction. gSKIN® heat flux sensors provide this missing information by directly measuring heat flow through a surface. This makes it possible to: - See the direction and amount of heat flow. - Identify heat losses and unwanted thermal paths. - Understand how materials and interfaces really perform.  - Measure thermal behavior under real-world conditions, not just steady temperatures.  ## The benefits of  gSKIN® heat flux sensors over regular temperature sensors.  Our gSKIN® heat flux sensors tackle the following three challenge areas of regular temperature sensors: ### Non-linear temperature profile. Many standard temperature sensors would be needed in order to measure the temperature profile with the same level of accuracy. ### Temperature resolution. Standard temperature sensors often have limited temperature resolution. This problem often limits the measurement accuracy.  ### Heat flow dynamics. Regular temperature sensors cannot accurately measure incoming or outgoing heat flow. This makes it hard to decide what material, system or part may be heating up or cooling down.  ![INNO_gSKIN XP_A-044628_coin_highres](https://info.greenteg.com/hs-fs/hubfs/INNO_gSKIN%20XP_A-044628_coin_highres.jpg?width=2000&height=1465&name=INNO_gSKIN%20XP_A-044628_coin_highres.jpg "INNO_gSKIN XP_A-044628_coin_highres") ## Why choose gSKIN® sensors  to measure heat transfer? gSKIN® heat flux sensors are designed to help you understand real heat transfer, not just surface temperatures. With our sensors you can:  - Measure the direction and amount of heat flowing through a surface. - Identify heat losses and unwanted thermal paths at interface joints of material layers.  - Compare materials, insulation concepts or assemblies under identical conditions.  - Validate real thermal performance in operating systems in various R&D scenarios.  - Measure non-invasively. # Want to learn more about our various heat flux sensors for R&D purposes? ### gSKIN®-XM Best for performing reliable heat flux measurements under controlled conditions. [Explore Now!](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xm?hsLang=en) ### gSKIN®-XP Best for balancing both size and sensitivity and providing a reliable compromise.  [Explore Now!](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xp?hsLang=en) ### gSKIN®-XI Best for measuring very small heat fluxes where precision matters the most. [Explore Now!](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xi?hsLang=en) ### gSKIN®-XO Best for determining the heat flux from air into various materials, or vice versa. [Explore Now!](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/gskin-xo?hsLang=en) # Explore some peer-reviewed publications: Our gSKIN® sensors have been used across various heat transfer and flow applications, across many real-world conditions. Read through these below: ## "Direct observation of thermal interface vicinity effect and determination of thermal interface resistance by modified Angstrom method." (2026). Authors: Junjie Wu, Fang-shou Lee, Cho-Han Lee, Yuan Zhu [Read More!](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0017931026001511#preview-section-abstract) ## "Conductive heat loss in simulated outdoor settings: a preliminary experimental human study." (2025). Authors: Tomasz Sanak, Mateusz Putowski, Stanisław Krzeptowski-Sabała, Janusz Pobędza, Paweł Walczak, Konrad Mendrala, Tomasz Darocha & Sylweriusz Kosiński [Read More!](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12245-025-01034-8) ## "Experimental study of the convection in a thin cylindrical gas layer with imposed bottom and top fluxes and imposed side temperature." (2025). Authors: F. Rein, L. Carénini, F. Fichot, B. Favier, M. Le Bars [Read More!](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-fluid-mechanics/article/abs/experimental-study-of-the-convection-in-a-thin-cylindrical-gas-layer-with-imposed-bottom-and-top-fluxes-and-imposed-side-temperature/90633F636CD8227A3ACE369E80D5788A) ## "Effects of Fuel Bed Slope and Wind Direction on Flame Spread Characteristics Over a Bed of Pinus Silvestris Needles." (2025). Authors: Muthu Kumaran Selvaraj, Raghavan Vasudevan, Oleg Korobeinichev, Stanislav Trubachev, Alexander Paletsky, Albert Sagitov, Anatoliy Chernov & Andrey Shmakov [Read More!](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00102202.2024.2393658) ## "Thermal Measurement of Arterial Pulse Using Heat Flux Sensors." (2024). Authors: Antti Immonen, Ante B. V. Pettersson, Saku Levikari, Heikki Peltonen, Heikki Kyröläinen, Pertti Silventoinen [Read More!](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10547678) ## "Analysis of digital filters used in time-series small heat flux measurement." (2022). Authors: Guoqiang Liu, Tong Xiong, Gang Yan, Jianlin Yu [Read More!](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359431121010577) ### Explore our other gSKIN® application areas.  Explore our further application areas, including battery calorimetry, calorimetry, material characteristics, and extreme environment applications. [Explore now!](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/applications?hsLang=en) ### Are you looking for more information on our heat flux sensors? Explore our **FAQ Page** to discover the answers to our most commonly asked questions. Still didn't find what you were looking for? Press the **"Contact Us"** button below, fill out the contact form, and a member of our team will get back to you shortly.  [Contact Us!](https://info.greenteg.com/heat-flux-technology/contact-us?hsLang=en) [![greenteg ag](https://info.greenteg.com/hs-fs/hubfs/greenteg_logo_black_rgb-1.png?width=200&height=50&name=greenteg_logo_black_rgb-1.png "greenteg ag")](https://greenteg.com/) Hofwisenstr. 50A | 8153 Ruemlang, Zurich, Switzerland [linkedin-in icon](https://www.linkedin.com/company/greenteg-ag/) [twitter icon](https://x.com/greentegag)